See affiner on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raffiner"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "a-",
"4": "fin",
"5": "-er<id:verbal>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"affiner\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"affiner\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "a-",
"3": "fin",
"4": "-er<id:verbal>"
},
"expansion": "a- + fin + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- + fin + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "affiner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "affinant",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affiné",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affines",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinons",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affinez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinent",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinais",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinais",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinait",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinions",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affiniez",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinaient",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinai",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"historic",
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"past",
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]
},
{
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},
{
"form": "affina",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinâmes",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affinâtes",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinèrent",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerai",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affineras",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinera",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerons",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerez",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affineront",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerais",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerais",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerait",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerions",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affineriez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affineraient",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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]
},
{
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"plural",
"present",
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]
},
{
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"present",
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"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"present",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
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"source": "conjugation",
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"second-person",
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"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
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"source": "conjugation",
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"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
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},
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]
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]
},
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]
},
{
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]
},
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}
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],
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],
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"to make finer"
],
"id": "en-affiner-fr-verb-msz2P3MZ",
"links": [
[
"finer",
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]
]
}
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"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/"
},
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"Pages with 1 entry",
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"5": "-er<id:verbal>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"affiner\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"affiner\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "a-",
"3": "fin",
"4": "-er<id:verbal>"
},
"expansion": "a- + fin + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- + fin + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "affiner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "affinant",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affiné",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affines",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinons",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affinez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinent",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinais",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinais",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinait",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinions",
"ipa": "/a.fi.njɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affiniez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinaient",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinai",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinas",
"ipa": "/a.fi.na/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affina",
"ipa": "/a.fi.na/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinâmes",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affinâtes",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinèrent",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerai",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affineras",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinera",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerons",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerez",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affineront",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerais",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerais",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerait",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinerions",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affineriez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affineraient",
"ipa": "/a.fin.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affines",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinions",
"ipa": "/a.fi.njɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affiniez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affinent",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinasse",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affinasses",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affinât",
"ipa": "/a.fi.na/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affinassions",
"ipa": "/a.fi.na.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affinassiez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.na.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affinassent",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "affine",
"ipa": "/a.fin/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "affinons",
"ipa": "/a.fi.nɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "affinez",
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affiner",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to purify"
],
"links": [
[
"purify",
"purify"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to refine"
],
"links": [
[
"refine",
"refine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make finer"
],
"links": [
[
"finer",
"fine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.fi.ne/"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-affiner.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-affiner.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-affiner.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-affiner.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-affiner.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-affiner.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-affiner.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "affiner"
}
Download raw JSONL data for affiner meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.